Gold Foundation introduction. _ Cotai

Category: Gold describes the basis 1. Introduction to gold properties of gold (English gold, chemical symbol Au), also known as the "golden", "gold", is a rare and precious metals. Density of gold is very large, 19.32 g/cubic centimeters. 46 mm diameter quality of Golden Globes for 1000 g. Golden soft texture, it is easy to wear, it's easy to become very fine powder. Extension of gold has a good performance, easy to forge, and extend. 1 gram gold can grow 0.0043 mm, diameter of 3,500 m gold wire. 1000 gram gold can be extended for 530 square meters.����Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and fineness of easy identification. The chemical stability of gold is extremely high, are very stable in all kinds of acid and alkali. Do not oxidize in air or discoloration. It has excellent resistance to discoloration and corrosion resistant capability.����Gold Help Desk Tracking Softwaredissolves in water, can also be dissolved in hydrochloric acid and mixture of chromic acid and sulfuric acid and mixture of permanganate, also on cyanide salts dissolved in solution. 2. high stability, reliability of the merchandise of gold bullion and other irreplaceable good physical and chemical properties of metals, as well as its scarcity bring high-value content, make it special and a wide range of uses. Gold is more and more widely used in traditional areas of industrial and modern high-tech industry, electronics, communication technologies, aerospace technology, chemical engineering, medical technology and other modern electronics industry more and more electronic components are gold can be used as a raw material.����Of course, gold finance properties can serve as a currency. (1) gold jewelry and utensils made jewelry is the earliest uses of gold.����Gold jewellery, small volume, high value, easy to carry, a hedge against inflation and decorative features, is the ideal gift and gifts, has always been loved by the people. According to statistics,application business card credit in the advanced industrial economies in the structure of demand in the manufacturing sector, jewelry gold, 70.4% of 96.7% of gold demand structure in developing countries.����2006 world consumption reached 3235.1 tons of gold, jewellery, gold reached 2840.3 tons, more than 2000 decreased by 2%, investment gold, there was an increase of 4%, 394.9 tons, overall drop in 2%, but it was in previous years a world record on the basis of the total consumption down, it should be said that still maintain a high level. (2) electronic gold has the best machine performance, can be pulled into a few microns in diameter filaments, combined with its very good conductivity and resistance to oxidation and corrosion, making gold and gold alloys are widely used as electrical contact materials, resistance, welding materials, temperature measuring materials and thick film pastes. Started in 1947 for the semiconductor industry manufacture transistors, 1968, Intel Corporation launched the gold circuit connection of IC chips.��Current bond gyros ' accuracy (gold wire welding) has become the electronic necessary material. gold alloy solders with excellent wettability and welding strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and usability, can guarantee the strength of welded joints with good strength and heat.����Such as Au-Ga, Au-B, Au-In for p-type semiconductor alloy solder materials for welding. Gold or gold alloys can be used as switch contacts, contacts, contact material, because of its excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion resistance, low and stable contact resistance, low noise levels and good resistance to organic fouling the atmosphere, more gold in sliding contact materials are widely used. Au-Ni series alloys containing NI, 5%, L0% and 16% of the gold alloy contact pressure small and widely used as a low voltage precision contacts.����Au-Ag of low resistance alloys commonly used for potentiometer resistors, conductive brush and winding loop material.����Gold easily in the gold coating on metals and ceramics, gold, gold ceramic glass, stone and English is widely used in electronic devices, semiconductor devices, micro-circuit conductors. Gold has a low and stable resistor performance by adding other metals can manufacture all kinds of high, medium, low resistance materials.����Au-Ni-Cr precision resistance material quality is very good, is the largest amount of alloy. Metal conductor paste forming conductive film and semiconductor chip, chips for low-melting eutectic solder, or in combination with ultrasonic hot pressure welding of aluminum wire or silicon-aluminum wire. Therefore, gold slurry used in multi-layer wiring, interconnection of monolithic integrated circuit, making more complex integrated circuits. Gold slurry as a thin line process is extremely suitable for fine conductors, including gold, platinum resistance of conductorwrongful death attorneys florida paste solder wetting ability of precious metals in thick film conductor paste is the best, especially suitable for certain complex circuits often require replacement components in place, but also for high reliability, high stability requirements of the circuit. Gold Palladium conductor paste, reliable performance, solder not containing silver better corrosion resistant to leaching, used for high-precision multilayer wiring resistance ends and the leader of end connection.����Palladium-gold and silver conductor paste can produce high-temperature sintering monolith capacitor electrode, its good performance, process stability. (3) Gold aerospace industry characteristics such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, is also a large number of applications in the aerospace field, for example a gilded glass, used in aviation and aerospace to UV (now applies to the construction, would serve as a very good protection against solar radiation and heat insulation effect). Gold films have superior properties of reflection of visible light and resistant properties of cosmic rays, infrared reflectivity of almost 100%. 1960 found in gilt mirrors to maximize reflectance infrared light, which invented the laser. Cosmic ray film in 1969 with gold foil as anti-Apollo spacecraft successfully, 11th moon.��1996 United States launch Mars probe, which carries high reliability of coating gold parabolic reflector telescope. Result of gold's infrared reflectivity of up to 98.44%, and on the satellite, spacecraft and spacecraft, to prevent damage of cosmic rays and infrared, improving its instruments and components of precision and reliability for many instruments and important parts are gold-plated handle, if necessary, to the use of pure gold making. Aircraft engine casing, for example required plating thickness does not exceed 0.04 microns of gold cockpit cover insertion between two layers of thin plate coated with a layer of transparent Golden, used for radarWeakened planes in microwave reflection shot media, so as to evade radar monitoring. In addition, astronauts dressed in suits of set to one on one layer two-ten thousandths mm thick gold film, from radiation and solar heat.����United States, "Apollo" on spacecraft instruments are gold-plated handle; the United States, "beetle" space station retrofitting aluminum shell, gold-plated plastic heat reflective screen, lowering the temperature is 43 �� c to 24 �� c in site; in modern high-altitude flight in the use of spark electrode plug Gold-Platinum alloy engine.����Nearly 30 years, the alloy of gold and its solid lubricating materials produced to meet the demanding aerospace and other new products under the conditions of lubrication needs, are widely used in satellite solar panels agency self-lubricating bearings, infrared camera, optical drive, temperature control, Star instruments arrow trip, missile defense systems and mechanical systems, such as atomic energy.����(4) medical gold have a wide range of applications in medicine, famous for traditional Chinese medicine-Tong ren Tang "bezoar", "bezoar sleeping pills" and "bezoar buck shot" and "mobility" are made of gold used formulas or overlaid with gold. Gold alloys used for making dentures, teeth, dentures welded and coated with porcelain teeth and so on. Gold salts preparation can treat diseases such as tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, radioisotope 198Au may carry out inspection of the liver, heart disease and cancer treatment.����In addition, gold can be used to fix broken bones, gold leaf Burns and treatment of nerve damage in treating skin ulcers. (5) food in recent years, Japan, Southeast Asia, area of edible gold leaf in vogue, gold leaf meal, gold rum, gold leaf water, gold, gold cake Candy appeared one after another. In the consumption of wine plus a small amount of gold leaf, detoxification, beauty, and other health care features. In 1983, the World Health Organization official gold of the Codex Committee on food additives in food additives categories, classified as a table, No. 310. Published by the National Ministry of health of China as a new food resources used by the material is divided into 9 categories, 8th class of minerals and trace elements explicitly contain a "gilded". At present, there are many production "gold wine". (6) the architectural decoration of gold can be used for decoration of buildings, has put the finishing touch. At all times and there are many construction uses gold decorations, such as Russia, ESAB Cathedral of Kiev, Russia bulashensike Church of the Kremlin, Tiananmen, Tibet, Potala Palace, Beijing, people's great Hall, CCTV, Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower, and so on. Tower Temple Stupa Temple, Potala Palace in Tibet in the three-layer, all overlaid with gold, the consumption of gold-3721.3215 kg.����In addition, at statues of gild, the Interior of a large and elegant building gild, pitched a plaque, and other aspects are also widely used. (7) in the chemical industry in the chemical industry, gold diffusion distribution of inertia on the carrier material, are activated for certain chemical reactions that can be used as chemical catalysts such as Palladium and gold (or 3%) alloys can be used as catalysts used in the manufacture of production of nitric acid and collectors of Platinum.����Gold catalysts also has some special properties, such as catalysts for gold-bearing carrier, Golden grain to achieve optimum size (2~5 nm) and, in some reactions, gold catalysts are more active than similar to Platinum and Palladium catalysts and, therefore, an increasing number of gold catalysts for chemical manufacturing processes are shown in environmental protection and good prospects.����In the chemical industry, because of Gold-Platinum alloy with high strength and high corrosion resistance, instead of PT-RH alloy of gold, platinum alloy can be used to manufacture artificial fibre production needs of spinneret.����In the production of glass fiber bushings, add gold to Platinum, you can increase the wettability of Platinum-resistant borosilicate glass. Photographic chemistry, gold with sensitization. Gold and salt joined with sulfur in agbr milk, sensitivity can be increased more than twice times.����This is the role of sulfur by Yu Jin Jin Zeng increases the likelihood of electron in surface is captured, improving developer efficiency.����Improve hydrogen purity, China Development Pd-23Ag-3Au-0.3Ni with high hydrogen permeability, high strength, good workability and the benefits of strong contamination resistance, is widely used in thermal diffusion of hydrogen on the Purifier.����Catalytic activity of gold has a good, low-temperature catalytic performance of CO oxide than the platinum group metals, has been widely used for environmental protection.����In the chemical industry, gold is also used to transport corrosive material on the steel pipe coating, chemical containers containing corrosive materials on the cladding. (8) glass-gold plated and other manufacturing industries in recent years, the glass gold-plated technology getting more mature. Coating on the glass around a layer thickness of only 0.13 Micron gold film, effectively reflecting infrared, at the same time it is also a medium of thermal insulation, almost no affect the transparency of the glass. Therefore, when the window glass with gold-plated glass for buildings, even in the heat of the summer can make the interior cool spring, in winter it is able to effectively maintain the room temperature. If gold power, glass will long remain clean and transparent, over to prevent icing or frosting on glass or water vapor. Gold-plated glasses goggles that can be made firefighters and steel workers, can effectively protect your eyes. Reflection of the inner wall of gold-plated lens mounted on the metallurgical furnaces, melt flow can be seen at high temperatures. Gold-plated glass is widely used in aircraft, ships, warships, vehicles and luxury cars. Made with gold-plated glass solar heat reflective surfaces on the aggregator, can greatly improve the thermal efficiency. (9) scientific research and new materials with technological progress, gold has a broader application of. In the area of scientific research, gold can be used to capture slow Neutron, radioactive isotopic study of metals and alloys with gold diffusion in the process, you can also study on the role of chemical and physical adsorption, identifying the solubility of compounds.����Antique gold tracer element can also be without damage to identification of authenticity. Immunocytochemical identification of gold colloid probe is the latest technologies, have been used for in-situ detection of antigens, gold colloid probe with micro-fabrication technologies for micro or non-specific protein localization and testing can establish methods for the quantitative determination of protein analysis. Colloidal goldProbes for biological identification technology can also be used for measuring the blood in the stool, and so on. Nanoscale gold in a number of key industrial processes can replace harmful chemicals to manufacture pharmaceuticals, detergents and food additives. Gold, Platinum nanoparticles doped organic modification of Portland's new optical materials are studying. Semiconductor coated with gold, silver, copper-containing glass-ceramic glass fibre also played a very important role in the development. 3. the form of gold and its mineral composition (1) gold in the form of gold in nature are natural products that exist in a free State, not synthetic.����According to their different sources and refine content when there are golden and cooked on the different categories of payment. Natural shortage of gold, gold, gold, also known as the original payment was from mine or bed (alluvial) without melting and refining of gold mining. Gold ore into gold and placer gold either. Mining gold, also known as crude gold and produced in mines (gold), most of them are thermal springs Gush under through rock crevice precipitation accumulation as often caught in the cracks of rocks and quartz. Jin Daduo mine and other metal companion, apart from gold, silver, Platinum, other metals such as zinc, it is called crude gold. Alluvial gold produced in the river bottom or lying area, stone and sand were mixed together, is after washing for gold. Alluvial gold originated from the mine, due to the exposed surface of gold ore, over a long period of weathering, mineral granules down the detachment veins associated with sediment downstream, natural deposits at the riverbed for gold-bearing layers, forming a placer gold. Alluvial gold is characterized by: particle sizes and come in all shapes, such as broad beans, similar small sand. Color different because the condition of high and low, 90% above is orange, light yellow 80%, 70%, green-yellow. Familiar gold that is, it is often said that gold was obtained after smelting, refining, gold, high purity, density of relatively small. Common gold bullion, gold, gold ingot, can be processed into a variety of jewelry, pottery, gold coins and gold wire for industrial use, gold, gold plate and so on. Smelting and refining equipment and processes are different, and formation condition of varying level of familiar gold and habits according to the condition of high and low on gold is pure gold, gold, gold cooked 3. Cooked with the highest purity gold is called gold, "no pure gold", pure gold or gold-bearing 100%, general condition to more than 99.6%. Gold and carat gold is closest in meaning, but due to the time and place to place, different from gold standard, gold sold in international markets, fineness of 99.6% called the gold (gold, 99.2%~99.6% of the country). Color gold, also known as "gold", "Chao gold" refers to the condition of a lower payment.����Color gold by other metal content of different components of high and low for gold, and condition of high 99%, low 30%. According to the different containing other metals, cropping can be divided into the Qing dynasty gold, drying, color mixing k-gold, gold, and so on. Clear Color containing only Silver Gold gold components, regardless of the condition of high and low collectively, clear gold color. Clear Color gold more common in gold bars, gold ingot, gold nuggets, and various utensils and gold jewelry. Except within a process-color gold is gold with silver, it also contains other metals such as copper, zinc, lead, and iron. Depending on the type and quantity of metal-containing different, can be divided into small mixing gold, gold, bronze in mixed mixed mixed gold gold, lead, and so on. K-gold refers to the silver and bronze according to a certain proportion, in accordance with the formula preparation of gold 24k gold. In General, k Jin Hanyin ratio, the more color blue; copper-bearing, the color is purple.��K gold in the early liberation is calculated in accordance with standards of each K4.15%, 24k gold purity 99.6%; since 1982, the international standard unified, a per-k standards 4.1666%, 24k gold-bearing more than 99.99%. (2) the main mineral in the nature of the World Gold, gold for gold and exist in a small number of Telluride parties outside the gold-antimony ores, mainly in the unitary nature of payment forms. Under the original conditions, such as gold and pyrite and arsenopyrite sulphide mineral paragenesis. World had discovered gold and gold-bearing material there are 98, such as natural gold, silver, gold, gold and silver ore, gold, gold, gold, rhodium and Iridium Platinum Palladium gold, silver, copper, gold, dark gold, tellurium, bismuth and gold, osmium and Iridium gold ore Gold Platinum, antimony and selenium, such as gold and silver ore, are more than 20 varieties of the common, with mutual Fusion series is the most common native gold and silver, and only with industrial value over more than 10.����Gold property of classification has not been unified, by its components different can is divided into natural gold, and alloy, and metal mutual of property, and Te of property, and SE of property, and antimony of property, and sulfide, and oxides, and Asia Te acid salt and TE acid salt,, common mineral is as follows: natural gold, and gold of alloy mineral: natural gold, and Platinum mass natural gold (Au,Pt), and copper mass natural gold (Au,Cu,Ag), and mercury mass natural gold (Au,Hg), and gold and Silver Mine (Au,Ag), and copper gold (Au,Cu), and Palladium gold (Au,Pd), and rhodium gold (Au,Rh), and gold Iridium mine (Au,Ir), and gold Iridium osmium mine (Au,Ir,Os), and gold bi mine (Au,Bi). Intermetallic compounds mineral: Gold amalgam (Au,Ag) 2Hg, hunchun ore (Au2Pb), the black gold (Au2Bi), a gold-copper mine (AuCu3), Palladium gold-copper mine (Cu?����Pd) 3Au2, and so on. Golden Telluride minerals: calaverite (AuTe2), Te Au3Cu2PbTe of lead, copper and gold mine, and krennerite (Au? Ag? Te2) gold mine, on, tellurium (Au? Sb) 2Te3, and petzite (AuAg3Te), miscellaneous petzite (Ag? Au) Te, acupuncture and petzite (Ag? Au) Te4 and TE copper-gold deposit (AuCuFe4), leaf mining Pb5Au (Te?����Sb) S5-8 iron, copper, gold, tellurium lead Au5 (Cu,Fe), 3 (Te,Pb) 2, and so on. Gold-sulfide, antimony and selenium compounds of mine: s gold and silver ore (Ag3AuS2), Fang Jin antimony ore (AuSb2), selenium, gold and silver ore (AgAuSe2), and so on.